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The title of Eagle Scout for a boy
has always carried with it a special significance, not only in Scouting, but
also as he enters higher education, business or industry, and community service.
The award is a performance-based achievement, the standards of which have been
well-maintained over the years. Not every boy who joins a Boy Scout troop earns
the Eagle Scout rank – only about 5 percent of all Boy Scouts do so. This
represents more than 2 million Boy Scouts who have earned the rank since 1912
when the Boy Scouts of America awarded the first Eagle Scout Award to Arthur
Eldred. Nevertheless, the principles contained in the Scout Oath, the Scout Law, and the
goals of Scouting – citizenship training, character development, and personal
fitness – remain important for all Scouts, whether or not they attain the Eagle
Scout rank.
Rank Advancement
To earn the Eagle Scout Award (the highest
advancement rank in Scouting), a Boy Scout must fulfill requirements in the
areas of leadership, service, and outdoor skills. Although many options are
available to demonstrate proficiency in these areas, a number of specific skills
are required to advance through the ranks – Scout, Tenderfoot, Second Class,
First Class, Star, Life, and Eagle. To advance, a Boy Scout must pass specific
tests that are organized by requirements and merit badges.
Merit Badges
Merit badges
signify the mastery of certain Scoutcraft skills, as well as helping boys
increase their skill in an area of personal interest. Of the 120 merit badges
available, 21 must be earned to qualify for Eagle Scout. Of this group, 12
badges are required, including: First Aid, Citizenship in the Community,
Citizenship in the Nation, Citizenship in the World, Communications,
Environmental Science, Personal Fitness, Personal Management, Camping, and
Family Life. In addition, a Scout has a choice between Emergency Preparedness
and Lifesaving and a choice from among Cycling, Hiking, and Swimming. The
remaining 9 minimum merit badges may be selected by the Scout himself. It is not
uncommon for a man to have been introduced to a career from earning a merit
badge as a Scout.
Scoutmaster Conferences
At each of his rank advancements, a Boy Scout
takes part in a Scoutmaster conference. These conferences help the Scout to set
goals for himself in line with his individual talents and abilities. At each
conference, the Scoutmaster helps him evaluate how well he accomplished his
present goal and then works with him in setting new goals. This is followed by a
Board of Review, which is an interview before a panel of adult volunteers.
Service and Responsibility
Beginning with the Star rank, and continuing
through Life rank and Eagle, a Scout must demonstrate participation in
increasingly more responsible service projects. At these levels, he also must
demonstrate leadership skills by holding one or more specific youth positions of
responsibility in his patrol and/or troop.
After becoming a Life Scout, a further
requirement of the Eagle Scout is to plan, develop, and give leadership to
others in a Eagle
Scout Leadership Service Project that is helpful to a religious institution,
school, or community.
Steps in Advancement
Advancement, one of the eight methods by which
the aims of Scouting are achieved, has four steps through each award level.
First, the Scout learns. Much of
his learning comes from other boys in his patrol or troop and by active
participation in troop program. His patrol activities are directed toward the
skills he needs. Every troop hike, camping trip, or other activity offers
potential learning experiences. A Scout learns to pitch a tent by pitching one,
to use a compass by finding directions, and to cook a meal by having to prepare
and eat it.
Second, the Scout is tested. The
specific requirements determine the kind of testing. Verbal testing is
sufficient in some instances. In other instances, a Scout must demonstrate his
skills by doing.
Third, the Scout is reviewed.
The purpose of the review is to ensure that all requirements for advancement
have been met. This includes a check of the Scout's attitude and practice of the
ideals of Scouting, in addition to his Scoutcraft skills. The decision regarding
whether a Scout has met the required standards to qualify for rank advancement
begins with the troop and, for the Eagle Scout rank, is approved by the local council, and finally, the National Council.
Fourth, the Scout is recognized.
The final step in advancement involves presentation of the badge, usually at a
ceremony before the entire troop.
Boy Scouts With Disabilities
Boy Scouts
with disabilities may qualify for the Eagle Scout rank. Each Scout must earn
as many of the required merit badges as he can. He then submits an application
for alternate merit badges. His BSA local
council determines the alternate merit badges for him to earn.
Some notable Eagle Scouts
- Gary L. Ackerman – (1942- ) U.S. Representative
from New York
- James C. Adamson – (1946- ) Shuttle
Astronaut
- Peter Agre, PhD – (1949- ) Nobel Prize receipient
for chemistry
- William V. "Bill" Alexander – (1934- ) U.S.
Representative from Arkansas
- Lamar Alexander – (1940- ) Distinguished Eagle Scout, U.S. Senator
from Tennessee, Governor of Tennessee, Secretary of Education, presidential
candidate & attorney
- Neil Armstrong – (1930- ) Distinguished Eagle Scout, Apollo
Astronaut and first man to walk on the moon
- Dr. James P. Bagian, MD – (1952- ) Shuttle
Astronaut
- Willie Banks – (1956- ) Olympian, Former World
Record Holder, Triple Jump and Long Jump
- Albert Belle – (1966- ) Professional baseball
player
- Charles Bennett – (1910-2003) U.S. Representative
from Florida
- William Bennett – (1943- ) Secretary of
Education
- Lloyd M. Bentsen Jr – (1921- ) Secretary of the
Treasury, U.S. Representative & Senator from Texas
- Jesse F. "Jeff" Bingaman – (1943- ) Senator from
New Mexico
- Sanford D. Bishop – (1947- ) U.S. Representative
from Georgia
- Michael Bloomberg – (1942- ) Mayor of New York
City, founder of Bloomberg News
- Kenneth D. Bowersox – (1956- ) Shuttle
Astronaut
- Bill Bradley – (1943- ) Pro basketball star and
U.S. Senator from New Jersey
- Charles E. Brady – (1951- ) Shuttle
Astronaut
- James S. Brady – (1940- ) Press Secretary to
President Ronald Reagan
- Milton Caniff – (1907-1988) Distinguished Eagle Scout, Comic Strip
Artist "Steve Canyon"
- Gerald P. Carr – (1932- ) Skylab Astronaut
- Manley L. "Sonny" Carter, Jr. – (1947-1991)
Shuttle Astronaut
- Roger B. Chaffee – (1935-1967) Astronaut
- Gregory E. Chamitoff – (1962- ) Astronaut
- W. Thad Cochran – (1937- ) Senator from
Mississippi
- Barber B. Conable – (1922-2003) President, World
Bank
- Richard O. Covey – (1946- ) Distinguished Eagle Scout, Shuttle
Astronaut
- Michael D. Crapo – (1951- ) Senator from
Idaho
- John O. Creighton – (1943 -) Shuttle
Astronaut
- John W. Creighton Jr – (1932- ) President &
CEO of Weyerhaeuser Company, CEO of United Airlines, Director of Unocal
- William E. Dannemeyer – (1929- ) U.S.
Representative from California
- William C. DeVries, MD – Surgeon and educator -
transplanted first artificial human heart
- Michael
Dukakis – (1933- ) Governor of Massachusetts, presidential
candidate
- Donn F. Eisele – (1930-1987) Apollo 7
Astronaut
- Arthur R.
Eldred – (1895-1951) The
First Eagle Scout
- Michael B. Enzi – (1944- ) Senator from
Wyoming
- Daniel J. Evans – (1925- ) U.S. Senator from
Washington and Governor of Washington
- David
Farabee – Texas State Representative
- Thomas S. Foley – (1929- ) Speaker of the House
and U.S. Representative from Washington
- Gerald R. Ford – (1913-2006) Distinguished Eagle Scout, 38th President
of the U.S.
- Patrick G. Forrester – (1957- ) Shuttle
Astronaut
- Steven
Fossett – (1944- ) Tried several times to fly solo around the
world in a hot air balloon and finally did it in 2002, won the Chicago to
Mackinaw boat races, competed in the Iditarod dog race, and competed in several
iron man triathlons, and among other things lives the Scouting mottos both Cub
and Boy Scout by doing his best and being prepared
- Murphy J.
"Mike" Foster – (1930- ) Governor of Louisiana
- Michael E. Fossum – (1957- ) Shuttle
Astronaut
- Charles G. Fullerton – (1936- ) Shuttle
Astronaut
- John
Garamendi – (1945- ) Insurance Commissioner of California,
former Deputy Secretary of the Interior,California State Senator, California
State Representative
- Robert M. Gates – (1942?- ) President of Texas
A&M University, Director of Central Intelligence (CIA)
- Richard A. Gephardt – (1941- ) House Minority
Leader, U.S. Representative from Missouri
- William G. Gregory – (1957- ) Shuttle
Astronaut
- S. David Griggs – (1939-1989) Shuttle
Astronaut
- John D. Hayworth Jr. – (1958- ) U.S.
Representative from Arizona
- Jeb Hensarling – (1957- ) U.S. Representative
from Texas
- Jeffrey A. Hoffman – (1944- ) Shuttle
Astronaut
- Gregory H. Johnson – (1962- ) Astronaut
- Thomas D. Jones – (1955- ) Shuttle Astronaut
- Michael
Kahn – (1935- ) Stage director, Oscar winning film editor
- Alfred C. Kinsey, PhD – (1894-1956) insect
biologist, human behavior researcher
- John
Koncak – Professional basketball player
- Mark C. Lee – (1952- ) Shuttle Astronaut
- Sheldon
Leonard – (1907-1997) actor, director, producer, 3 time Emmy
award winner
- Steven W. Lindsey – (1960- ) Shuttle Astronaut -
He was the pilot for STS-95 when John Glenn returned to space as a Senator. He
made Eagle in Troop 161 in Temple City, California.
- Gary
Locke – (1950- ) Governor of the State of Washington, the first
Chinese-American Governor in the contiguous United States, and selected as a
Distinguished Eagle Scout by NESA
- James A Lovell, Jr – (1928- ) Navy pilot,
Astronaut, President of National Eagle Scout Association. Flew on Gemini 7, 12
& Apollo 8, 13
- Richard G. Lugar – (1932- ) Distinguished Eagle Scout, U.S. Senator
from Indiana, 1996 presidential candidate
- J. Willard Marriott, Jr – Chairman & CEO of
Marriott Corporation
- William McCool – (1961-2003) Astronaut, Pilot of
U.S. Space Shuttle Columbia, U.S. Navy Commander
- Michael McNulty – (1947- ) U.S. Representative
from New York
- W. Walter Menninger MD – Physician, civil
servant
- Michael
Moore – (1954- ) Author and filmmaker, nominated for an Oscar
for "Bowling for Columbine", filmmaker of "Fahrenheit 9/11"
- Jim
Mora – (1935- ) NFL football coach
- John P. Murtha – (1932- ) U.S. Representative
from Pennsylvania
- Earl B. "Ben" Nelson – (1941- ) Senator from
Nebraska
- Oswald G. "Ozzie" Nelson – (1906-1975)
Distinguished Eagle Scout,
actor
- Samuel A. Nunn – (1938- ) U.S. Senator from
Georgia
- Brian T. O'Leary – (1940- ) Scientist,
Astronaut
- Ellison S. Onizuka – (1946-1986) Challenger
Astronaut, USAF Lt. Colonel
- Stephen S. Oswald – (1951- ) Shuttle Astronaut,
Navy Rear Admiral
- Mitchell
Paige – (1918-2003) Distinguished Eagle Scout, Colonel
(USMC), Congressional Medal of Honor recipient
- Francis J. Parater – (1897-1920) Nominated for
Sainthood by Diocese of Richmond, VA. died at age 22 in 1920 in Rome, while at
seminary.
- Scott E. Parazynski – (1961- ) Shuttle
Astronaut
- H. Ross Perot – (1930- ) Distinguished Eagle Scout, Self-made
billionaire, Founder of Electronic Data Systems Corporation and The Perot Group,
presidential candidate
- Rick
Perry – (1950- ) Governor, State of Texas
- Donald R. Pettit – (1955- ) International Space
Station Astronaut
- James "J.J." Pickle – (1913-2005) Distinguished Eagle Scout, U.S.
Representative from Texas, proudly displayed his Eagle plaque inside his
Congresional Office
- Samuel R. Pierce Jr – (1922-2000) Secretary of
Housing & Urban Development
- Robert J. Portman – (1955- ) U.S. Representative
from Ohio
- Kenneth S. Reightler, Jr. – (1951- ) Shuttle
Astronaut
- Frederick Reines – Nobel Prize winner in
Physics
- T. Gary Rogers – Chairman and CEO of Dreyer's Ice
Cream
- Jim Rogers – Distinguished Eagle Scout, CEO of
Kampgrounds of America (KOA)
- Dana Rohrabacher – (1947- ) U.S. Representative
from California
- Donald H. Rumsfeld – Distinguished Eagle Scout, Secretary of
Defense
- Harrison E. Salisbury – (1908-1993) Pulitzer
Prize Winning Author
- James Sanderson – (1925- ) Vice Admiral, US Navy
(Ret), Deputy Chief US Atlantic Fleet
- Richard A. Searfoss – (1956- ) Shuttle
Astronaut
- Elliot M. See, Jr. – (1927-1966) Gemini Missions
Astronaut
- Jefferson B. "Jeff" Sessions – (1946- ) U.S.
Senator from Alabama
- Pete Sessions – (1955- ) U.S. Representative from
Texas
- William S. Sessions – (1930- ) Distinguished Eagle Scout, FBI
Director
- Paul
A. Siple – (1908-1968) Antarctic explorer
- Isaac "Ike" Skelton – (1931- ) U.S.
Representative from Missouri
- Samuel K. "Sam" Skinner – (1938- ) Secretary of
Transportation, CEO Commonwealth Edison
- Christopher H. Smith – (1953- ) U.S.
Representative from New Jersey
- Gordon H. Smith – (1952- ) Senator from
Oregon
- Steven
Spielberg – (1946- ) Distinguished Eagle Scout, Film
Director/Producer, from Scottsdale, AZ, made a movie of his troop while getting
Photography MB. Helped to design requirements for the Cinematography MB.
- Wallace Stegner – (1909-1993) Writer and college
professor, won Pulitzer Prize in 1972 for "Angle of Repose"
- Bart T. Stupak – (1952- ) U.S. Representative
from Michigan
- Percy E. Sutton – (1920- ) Attorney, Chairman of
the Board of Inner City Broadcasting Corp.
- Joseph R. "Joe" Tanner – (1950- ) Shuttle
Astronaut
- John Tesh – (1952- ) TV celebrity and
pianist
- Meldrim Thomson, Jr – (1912-2001) 3-term Governor
of New Hampshire
- Patrick J. Toomey – (1961- ) U.S. Representative
from Pennsylvania
- Richard H. Truly – (1937-1992) Vice-Admiral USN
and NASA Space Flight Associate Administrator
- David M. Walker – (1944-2001) Shuttle
Astronaut
- Sam Walton – (1918-1992) Founder of Wal-Mart,
Medal of Freedom recipient
- Togo D. West – (1942- ) Secretary of the Army,
Secretary of Veteran's Affairs
- William C. Westmoreland – (1914-2005)
Distinguished Eagle Scout,
U.S. Army General, Army Chief of Staff
- Edward O. Wilson – (1929- ) Pellegrino University
Professor and curator of entomology at the Museum of Comparative Zoology,
Harvard University
- Donald F. Wright – Distinguished Eagle Scout, CEO Times
Mirror Co.
- Elmo R. Zumwalt, Jr – (1920-2000) Distinguished Eagle Scout, Admiral, Chief
of Naval Operations
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